Macro Skills of Speaking

Macro Skills of Speaking

Here are skills should be implemented in speaking activities:

1. Appropriately accomplish communicative functions according to situations, participants, and goals.
2. Use appropriate styles, registers, implicature, redundancies, pragmatic conventions, conversion rules, floor keeping and yielding, interrupting, and other sociolinguistic features in face-to-face conversations.
3. Convey links and connections between events and communicate such relations as focal and peripheral ideas, events and feeling, new information and given information, generalisation and examplification.
4. Convey facial features, kinesics, body language, and other nonverbal cues along with verbal language.
5. Develop and use a battery of speaking strategies, such as emphasizing key words, rephrasing, providing a context for interpreting the meaning of words, appealing  for help, and accurately assessing how well your interlocutor is understanding you.

Micro Skills of Speaking

Here are some of the micro-skills involved in speaking. The speaker has to:

1. pronounce the distinctive sounds of a language clearly enough so that people can distinguish them. This includes making tonal distinctions.
2. use stress and rhythmic patterns, and intonation patterns of the language clearly enough so that people can understand what is said.
3. use the correct forms of words. This may mean, for example, changes in the tense, case, or gender.
4. put words together in correct word order.
5. use vocabulary appropriately.
6. use the register or language variety that is appropriate to the situation and the relationship to the conversation partner.
7. make clear to the listener the main sentence constituents, such as subject, verb, object, by whatever means the language uses.
8. make the main ideas stand out from supporting ideas or information.
9. make the discourse hang together so that people can follow what you are saying.