Introduction

Reading is the receptive skill in the written mode. It can develop independently of listening and speaking skills, but often develops along with them, especially in societies with a highly-developed literary tradition. Reading can help build vocabulary that helps listening comprehension at the later stages, particularly.

Micro-skills

Here are some of the micro-skills involved in reading. The reader has to:

• decipher the script. In an alphabetic system or a syllabary, this means establishing a relationship between sounds and symbols. In a pictograph system, it means associating the meaning of the words with written symbols. 
• recognize vocabulary.
• pick out key words, such as those identifying topics and main ideas.
• figure out the meaning of the words, including unfamiliar vocabulary, from the (written) context.
• recognize grammatical word classes: noun, adjective, etc.
• detect sentence constituents, such as subject, verb, object, prepositions, etc.
•  recognize basic syntactic patterns.
• reconstruct and infer situations, goals and participants.
• use both knowledge of the world and lexical and grammatical cohesive devices to make the foregoing inferences, predict outcomes, and infer links and connections among the parts of the text.
• get the main point or the most important information.
• distinguish the main idea from supporting details.
• adjust reading strategies to different reading purposes, such as skimming for main ideas or studying in-depth.